git: listing directories to include

In its normal behaviour, git is for a whole directory, apart from exclusions via .gitignore, and any special git files.

What if we want to whitelist what to include?  There isn't a .gitfoo file for this.  But it can probably be achieved via a double negative for files, and a double negative twice for directories:

.gitignore:

*
!included_file
!included_dir/
!included_dir/*

This is especially useful for picking out parts of a home directory to replicate.

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