running graphical session under login shell in debian
To run an X session started from a display manager under a login shell for the user, one can create the following in /etc/X11/Xsession.d/99x10-start-under-login-shell : # We get sourced by Xsession, which is interpreted by sh. echo about to attempt to exec $SHELL -l -c \"$STARTUP\" >&2 exec $SHELL -l -c "$STARTUP" which is pretty hacky but "works". Twenty years ago, when I was in a team managing workstations running SunOS, Solaris, Irix, and Red Hat, the dotfiles worked the same on all, without having to change anything. The users' c shell or bourne (posix) shell init was run, as a login shell (which one depended on their configured shell per getent passwd), with the whole session then being a subtree in the process tree of this login shell. I'm not exactly sure which "modern" linuxes fail to do this properly, but it doesn't take a genius in design to see that if (i) ssh-ing gives a login shell, and (ii) logging in on the cons...